Nutrition – Nutrition is the process of obtaining food necessary for good health and growth.
The main components of food are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. These are called nutrients.
Carbohydrates – Carbohydrates are the compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Sugar and starch are typical carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are formed in plants during photosynthesis.
Starch – Starch is a complex carbohydrates. Starch is a tasteless, odourless white powder. Diluted iodine solution produces a blue black colour with starch.
Proteins – Proteins are body building foods. Proteins help in the repair and replacement of damaged bdy cells and tissues. A violet colour with copper sulphate and caustic soda indicate presence of protein in the food item.
Fat – Fat consumed by humans are obtained from animals or from plants. Fat produces more energy than carbohydrate.
Vitamins – Vitamins are essential for the growth and maintenance of or body. Vitamin B and C are water soluble, whereas vitamin A, D, E and K are oil or fat soluble.
Balanced diet – Balanced diet is the diet which contains all the essential nutrients in the right proportion. A balanced diet should contain carbohydrates (60%), fats (15%), proteins (25%) along with vitamins, minerals, roughage and water.
Deficiency disease – Deficiency disease is a disease caused due to lack of one or more nutrients in the diet. There are three types of deficiency diseases.
Protein energy deficiency disease . For example Kwashiorkor.
Mineral deficiency disease General weakness and impaired metabolism
Vitamin deficiency disease
Some diseases/ disorders caused by deficiency of vitamins and minerals:
Major Nutrients in our food are Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Vitamins, Minerals and dietary fibers.
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